How Magnetism Shapes The World? Definition & lot more

Definition:

 Magnetism is defined as the force which magnets apply on each other. It is very similar to gravitational force in the sense that it is also non contact force as though it doesn't require contacting for the push or pull something. Any magnet has two poles that is North pole and South pole. Exactly what happens that unlike poles attract each other however, like poles repel each other.

Opposite poles of magnet attracting is attracting each other.

Same poles of a magnet repelling each other.

                                                            How far can you follow a magnetic compass needle? As far as the North magnetic pole, where the needle starts spinning wildly? Compass needle alliance with the magnetic field line, and on the precise spot of magnetic north, those field lines are vertical. So just your magnetic compass 90 degrees and you can continue your journey either down to the molten iron dynamo surrounding the earth's core, or up.

      But up to where? The answer is - to everywhere - and today, that's where  we are going to go.

                    Magnetism is one-half of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental forces alongside gravity. Magnetism shares a property with gravity that none of other forces have - it manifests on enormous scales. The nuclear forces are short range and electromagnetic forces are never adding up to much because its positive and negative charges tends to cancel it out. However, the magnetism is generated when electrically charged particles move. Even if the substance is electrical neutral you will still get magnetic field as long as the charges are  moving in opposite directions. That means Magnetic field can add up - and magnetism adds up to having enormous influence on the development of structure in our universe. Understanding magnetic field is of fundamental importance to astrophysicists. 

And so we should probably understand them too. Magnetic field lines form in concentric circles around moving charges. If that charge moves in a loop, that results in a dipole field - sort of torus around the loop with the field threading the loop and shooting off at the poles. Well, a moving charge particle will feel
a force perpendicular to both its direction of motion and to the field lines - and the 0net result of that is that charged particles tends to a spiral around around magnetic field lines. And it that charge already has a circular motion - for example the electric current in an electromagnet, or the aligned electrons spin in a ferromagnet, then that current will want to loop around the magnetic field. But the circular current it produces its own dipole field, and the result is that dipole fields always try to align themselves with other dipole fields. And that is how compass works. 

 

 Speaking of compasses - a minute ago we were standing at North pole with a compass needle pointing straight up. Where that field lines exactly go? As with the gravitational field, in a sense there is only one universal magnetic field. 

 

                          So while most of the earth's dipole field loops back - but some of the field lines connect to this greater magnetic field of the solar system - and even of the galaxy. So lets hitch a ride on field lines and let's see how far it takes us. Now I don't want to spend too much time in the solar system - greater magnetic wonders lie beyond. But while we are here, it's worth following one of Earth's field lines that connects directly to the surface of sun. This is a violent place, speaking magnetically. Here the field generated electric currents flowing in the searing plasma near the sun's surface. The earth's solid inner core and mental regulate the flow in its liquid outer core, resulting in a clean dipole field. But the sun is entirely fluid, and its rate of rotation speeds up near the equator. 

             

              

Sun in fluid State.

That means the dipole field gets twisted over the time. Magnetic  field lines cross each other, and the enormous magnetic energy densities pile-up. We can see those tangled field lines in UV light as charged particles spiral along them, up and down from the sun's surface. When the pressure gets too high, this field lines snap and then reconnect, and in the process spray death magnetic field into the solar system, carrying high energy particles with them. These coronal mass ejection join the solar wind. Follow one of these magnetic blasts, and you will spiral through the solar system on a giangatic magnetic tornado. This is still the sun's magnetic field, which connects here and there to the piddling fields of the planets. 

             About 4x the distance of Pluto, the sun's magnetic field connects to the the field of galaxy itself. Or smashes into it, depending on how you look at it. 

This is the heliopause, the boundary of the heliosphere, which defines the limit of the sun's influence in the galaxy. Although it's less of a sphere and more of a teardrop dragged into that shape by the Sun's orbital motion through the galaxy. How do we know that?  Well we have sent compasses that far - or rather magnetometers - on board the Voyager 1 & 2 spacecraft which crossed the boundary into interstellar space a few years ago. but those  don't reveal the shape of heliosphere. That was measured for the first time last year. NASA's IBEX mission, which used a short of solar wind sonar - it might how bursts of solar wind material were reflected back towards the earth from the edge of heliosphere. Beyond the heliosphere, seeing magnetic fields gets trickier. Fortunately,  astronomers are also tricky, and so have tricks. It turns out that Milky Way is full of natural compasses. The interstellar medium - the space between the stars - is scattered with tiny specks of dust produced in last supernova explosion. These specks tend to align with the local magnetic field lines of galaxy in exactly the same way as our iron fillings align around the bar magnet. When the light passes through the dusty interstellar medium it gets scattered by these grains - it bounces off them. But the pattern of alignment of these grains imprints a pattern of the scattered light. The light gets polarized - which means the direction of its electric and magnetic fields pick up a  preferred direction rather than being in  random directions. 

By measuring this polarization we can map the direction of these tiny compass needles, and so map the magnetic field of Milky Way. This has been now done in incredible detail by the Planck mission, which mapped polarization of the cosmic microwave background - the ubiquitous radiation left over from the big bang. The resulting map reveals the whirlwind of magnetism tangled through the galaxy. 

Actually, there is a more traditional way to map the magnetic fields of galaxies. These fields drive the motion of lone electrons throughout the interstellar medium. When radio waves will interact with these electrons, there polarization are also affected. This is a bit different though. The presence of these electrons tend to slow light down just as light is slowed down in air or glass - but to much smaller degree. But that slowing depends on polarization of light. In this case it depends on circular polarization of light. If the electric and magnetic fields of of a collection of photons all tend to point in same direction, we say the light is linearly polarized. But if those fields are not fixed but rather rotate in some detection, we say the light is circularly polarized - and it can be clockwise or anticlockwise rotation. the electrons in their magnetic field tend to slow 1:00 circular polarization direction more than the other. The net result of this is that the linear polarization - which is  sort of the sum of the circular polarization - gets rotated in an effect called Faraday rotation. So by measuring the Faraday rotation of different radio sources we can also map magnetic field. This has been done for the Milky Way using the light from pulsars. We even have clear views of magnetic field in many distant spiral galaxies. We see that the field tend to be threaded along the spiral arms. These are the densest region of those galactic disks - places where magnetic fields have confined the charged particles of the interstellar plasma. And that plasma in turn drags the magnetic field in the orbit around the galaxy. So galaxies have magnetic field. 

But from where those magnetic field come from? Largest magnetic fields can grow and reinforce themselves into particular configurations called Dynamos. 

In the earth's dynamo, swirls of magma are  induced by the coriilis force, and while those are initially turbulent, they rearrange themselves into a series of self-supporting flows. 

These amplify what starts out as a very weak and disordered field into the ordered & powerful field that surrounds the Earth. The exact process for the Milky Way is not well understood, but the ingredients for a dynamo are

all there: we have differential rotation in the disc which can lead to Coriolis induced helical flows, and those flows can also be induced by supernova explosions. Those supernovae may also gives us the seeds of magnetic fields that can be amplified buy the galactic dynamo. However it got there, the Milky Way has developed itself into a substantial magnetic field. And that field helps build the Milky Way in return. Magnetic fields generated by collapsing gas clouds help to slow the rotation of those clouds - expel angular momentum. Without that, those clouds would never be able to collapse all the way into stars. Magnetic field also facilitate star formation after the star dies. Magnetic blasts accompany every supernova explosion, and these help to compress gas in the path of that explosion, triggering busts of new star formation. The supernovae are expected to blast their own guts entirely out of the galaxy, which should result in all those newly-formed elements being lost to us. But the galactic magnetic field constrains, that flow, funneling some of it into vast galactic fountains erupting from poles. These galactic fountains are incredibly important for building galaxies.

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What Is Dark Universe? Is Dark Matter Made of Particles?

By the time I have finished my sentence up to a billions of billions Dark Particles may have streamed through your body like ghosts. The particle or particles of the dark sector make up the vast majority of the mass in the universe. So, to them, you are the ghostly one. Today we are going to discuss about this only. 

                                              We see the influence of dark matter, in the orbits of stars and galaxies in the way light bends around galaxies and clusters in the clumpiness of the cosmic background radiation and more. It becomes disturbingly clear that we cannot see 80% of the matter in the universe. Even more disturbing is that they doesn't even  seem to be a candidate  for dark matter in the known family of particles. We are faced with the eerie reality of the dark sector-perhaps there is an entire family of particles that exists in parallel to those we can see-a dark universe that overlaps our own, but so far is hidden from even our most ingenious experiments.  Today we are going to oepn the gateway to the dark sector and see what we can find. 

The Dark Sector

When we talk about 'dark sector'  we typically mean a particle or a family of particles that contribute to the dark matter. Now it's possible that dark matter is not particles, it could be black holes or failed stars or even weirder so called 'compact objects'. It might be even that what we perceive as dark matter is really a glitch in the laws we use to describe gravity. But those possibilities are for another time, today we are focusing on bizarre physics of the dark sector. So let's begin with what we do know. 

                       

                                                      Our best understanding of the sub-atomic world is Standard Model- which describes the behaviour of the known family of particles with incredible success. The visible universe is made of these particles, interacting with each-other through the Standard Model forces-the strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetism plus gravity. In general,  the behaviour of a particle is determined by the forces it interact with. We can think of those forcesas the language through which particles communicate. Any electrically charged particle experiences the electromagnetic force and can communicate with other charged particles by exchanging photons. But for a electrically neutral particle like neutrino, electromagnetism is a language it doesn't speak. Neutrino are that particles which are unaffected by that force, and so they are quite literally invisible to photons. A more technical way to think about this stuff is in terms of quantum field - where each particle and force is a vibration in its own field.  These fields fill the universe, overlapping each other, and if a particle field is connected to or coupled with a force, then it can speak the language of that force. The force of gravity is a sort of lingua franca, a common language that every particle with mass can speak. But gravity is little different to other forces-it's not part of the Standard Model, and we do not know even if it has a quantum field. The main requirements for a Dark matter particle is that it doesn't speak electromagnetism. It doesn't produce light, hence, the dark particle part. But it also doesn't absorb light, otherwise we'd be able to detect it when it is blocked light from the more distant universe-in the same way we see the black lanes of dust that block the light from the centre of our galaxy. No, dark matter is both perfectly dark and perfectly transparent. So, it must be electrically neutral like the neutrino. Dark matter can't have charge but it also must've mass because the only thing we've ever actually seen dark matter do is to exert its gravitational influence. Hence dark matter speaks gravity. And we can learn an awful lot from how it exerts gravity. We can map where dark matter is found by how it affects the rotation of galaxies, and how it drives the orbits of galaxies I side galaxy clusters, and by the way it bends light around galaxies and clusters. These tell us something really important: the dark matter is far more spread out, more diffuse than almost all of the visible matter. And that tells us a lot about any prospective dark matter particle. For one thing, dark matter doesn't tend to interact with itself - at least not very much. If it did, then giant region of dark matter would lose energy in those collisions and collapse. They might into dark matter galaxies or dark matter stars or dark matter people. But no, dark matter seems to stay puffed up in gigantic halos surrounding the much more concentrated clumps of visible matter. Infact galaxies are really just shiny dusting of stars, sprinkled deep in the gravitational wells of massive reservoirs of dark matter. But the fact that dark matter particle forms those giant halos at all tells us something very important. It gives dark matter a temperature. More accurately, it tells us how far dark matter particles were able to travel in the early universe. This 'free streaming length' of dark matter is how far a dark matter particle could travel before interacting with something - typically another such particle. In the early universe, that distance influenced the size of the seed structure which galaxies would later formed from. Now, how that  structure did end up forming, It seems likely that dark matter was moving pretty slowly. We refer to such dark matter as 'cold'. So let's review, if dark matter is particle, it's electrically neutral and doesn't interact much with itself  and it's relatively slow moving, also insanely abundant. From a long time people thought the neutrino might be the dark matter, being electrically neutral and the most abundant known particle in the universe. But the neutrinos of the Standard Model move very fast and  they are hot & there is just enough in neutrinos to do the job because they are ridiculously light. There is nothing else in the  

Standard Model that works- which sounds annoying, but actually physisits get very excited, because discovering a dark matter particle may be our best for finding a bigger and deeper theory than the Standard Model. It would also be a no-brainer Nobel prize and many researchers have devoted their lives to hunting down this particle. One type searchers for new evidence out there in the universe or in our particle experiments here on earth for evidence of particles that do not fit the standard model. The other delves deep into the theory - in the speculative mathematics beyond the standard model for signs of new particles. Today we are going to focus on the theoretical prospects because we might as well as have some fun before those pesky observations ruin everything with their facts. Actually we don't have to go beyond the standard model to find out our first dark particle candidate. Completely independent of our quest for our dark matter, physisits have hypothesized  a new type of neutrino called sterile neutrino. In short, as ghostly as neutrinos are, sterile neutrinos are far ghostlier. They don't even interact by even weak force, which means nthey are almost impossible to detect. There are some exceedingly clever experiments to do so. If sterile neutrinos exist and are massive and slow-moving enough, they are a great dark matter candidate. Another dark matter candidate is axion. This is a weird little particle that popped up in the maths when the physisits were trying to solve another mystery of physics-the so called  CB Problem. Axions, if they exist, would may be incredibly light, maybe 1% or less the mass of the already-puny neutrino. So, to account for the dark matter they need to exist in prodigious numbers..... but according to pro-axion physisits that we'll may be the case. Explorations of the theoretical landscape has led physisits to multiple possibilities for dark matter particles. Supersymmetry is an extension of the Standard Model which proposes that all the regular particles both matter and force-carrying - have twins - counterparts on the opposite side of the table. Every matter particle or fermion has a supersymmetric force-carryier or boson. And every boson has its fermion twin. It is expected that these supersymmetric particles are much heavier than the standard model counterparts and that may explain why have not we seen in our particle accelerators- perhaps we have just not produced enough energy to make one yet. But they may have been produced in the insanely energetic early universe and the leftovers from that time could still be throwing their weight around so to speak. The simplest kind of dark matter we get from supersymmetry is called a 'neutralino.' It is sort of three in one particle where the electrically neutral superpartners of Z boson, photons and Higgs particle mix together. In some models, these are the lightest supersymmetric particles possibly 'LSPs.'  but they are still incredibly heavy. And while normally heavy things tend to decay to lighter things, if they can't decay into Standard Model particles then they'ld be stable and long-lived an almost perfect dark matter particle candidate. There are other dark matter candidates in different flavours of supersymmetry - all of them LSPs, for eg., the counterparts of the neutrino or gravitation. The expected mass of these particles is eerily close to the mass expected for a certain type of dark matter which some would say is a point in favor of supersymmetry. This seeming coincidence is sometimes called 'WIMP miracle'. But for that to make a sense I will explain what a WIMP miracle is. Supersymmetric dark matter particle like the neutralino are examples of a general dark matter particle type is matter particle type called the WIMP or weakly interacting massive particles. The idea of the WIMP was proposed independently of any actual WIMP candidates. It's description of what some physisits thought dark matter particles had to be like which is to say weakly interacting and massive. The massive part is obvious enough- it helps if you want to make up 60% of the mass in the universe and also slows down the particle  - helps make it 'cold'. We also covered weakly interacting - it helps dark matter halos stay puffed up. But it also turns out that the interaction strength of dark matter is extremely important - it may have governed how every interesting thing in our universe first formed. In the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang, particles and their antimatter counterparts would have been popping into existence constantly, borrowing energy from the crazy radiation of that time. And then when the particle bumps into its antiparticle, they both annihilate, releasing that energy again. As the universe cooled and energy droppled, that process ceased. We were left with a universe full of particle anti-particle pairs that would then just annihilate over time. But it's possible some particles may not have been able to find an anti-particle counterpart before the expanding universe pulled them too far apart. Things like electron and antielectron or positrons, interacts very strongly via the electromagnetic force which means they find each other very easily. The universe didn't expand fast enough to throw these particles apart, and so these particles almost annihilated. But a WIMP, with its extremely weak interaction, would more easily doudge it's anti-matter buddy and so countless may have survived to this day. So, it turns out you can do a calculation of what interaction strength such a  relic particle would need to have in order to survive in sufficient number to give us dark matter. And that interaction strength is about the same as the weak interaction.

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What is Quantum Cryptography? Solving Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Cryptography Research and Algorithms

What is Quantum Cryptography? Solving Quantum Cryptography

Your extensive posting history on our bird with arms and your old fanfiction heavy live journal are both one tiny math problem away from becoming public knowledge that math problem is prime numbers factoring and the new era of quantum computers may lay bare your indiscretions as well as collapse the entire digital unless we get some post- quantum Cryptography posts haste. So, how close are we?

It is said that quantum computers will threaten the security of our digital civilization because they can easily overcome the encryption method that underpins almost all of it every email, every online purchase, every login is secured by the fact that it's a lot harder to factor out prime numbers than it is to multiply them together. Large products of prime numbers make encryption locks and the prime numbers go into them become  the keys to the secrets in your inbox. Your secrets are safe for now because the most powerful classical conputers will take thousand of billions of years to find those factors depending on the key size.

                  Sir Peter Shor 

But in 1994 a mathematician named Peter Shor developed an algorithm called Shor's Algorithm that could use a quantum computer to factor a prime number in a human lifetime or a human lunch break.

Quantum computers didn't exist in 1994 but just last years Google's quantum computer Sycamore, outsped best classical conputers for a very specific task. According to the researchers 

Sycamore  performed calculations to simulate another quantum system exponentially faster than would have been possible with a pure classical conputer. 

                      Sykamore    

We will talk about exactly what happened here in next article but what does this mean for internet cryptography? Is it game over? Not quite, quantum computers need to become far more reliable and have better fault-tolerance and/or support more vastly quite-a-bit to do the sort of prime factoring required for decryption. But those computers will eventually arrive. So, what's to be done? One option is to match quantum decryption with new quantum encryption to replace prime factoring. To distribute a quantum key, you also need a quantum internet to transfer quantum states. This is a far more challenging problem. Quantum states are insanely fragile and difficult to transport, and the quantum internet may not arrive before better quantum computers can encrypt current techniques and collapse the modern digital world. Fortunately there is another option and it will be much cheaper than building a quantum internet. It turns out there are some ingenious non-quantum  ways to thwart the hacking powers of quantum computers. Enter post-quantum cryptography, or quantum resistance algorithms, which might replace our vulnerable prime-factoring based  cryptography. To understand why some algorithms are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks while others are thought to be quantum resistance we need to review a bit about encryption. Prime factoring is an an example  of what we call a one-way function. That's a mathematical operation that is very easy to figure out in one direction, bit very difficult to reverse. 

The current encryption protocol uses prime factors and this is a RSA protocol named after Ron Rivest, Shamir and Leonard Adleman who came withit in 1977. It works greatly except its vulnerability to Shor's Algorithm and quantum computers. But prime factoring is only one example of a one-way function. 

Ron Rivest, Shamir and Leonard Adleman

Are there other possibilities that don't have the same vulnerability? To understand that, we meed brief description of how quantum computers di their magic. If you try prime factorisation using a classical computer you 

're stuck using an algorithm similar to one that was developed 2000 years ago by the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes. First, divide a number by 2 and see if you get an integer. If not, try 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 and so on. This is laborious as it takes much time to factor large numbers this way. Or you can run insane numbers of computers in parallel  to each check every different factor. Still effectively impossible, however, Shor's Algorithm is potentially exponentially faster. There is a structure to factorisation that can be exploited by quantum computers and that structure is a period. For eg., let's consider powers of 2 such as2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024 and so on such that if we divide these powers by 5 and look at the remainder ( an operation called mod ). It turns out that if you cam figure out the period of this sequence you can figure out the original number ( in this case is 2 ). The 18th century mathematician Leonhard Euler figured this structure to numbers that are the multiple of two prime numbers-just like RSA numbers. For a very large number you need an insane period of time or in parallel you need insane number of classical computers. This is where quantum computers wiered in. Classical conputers store the data in bits or bytes i.e.0 or 1. However, quantum computers store data in qubits, which, until they give output are in a quantum superposition of 0 and 1, with some probablity of either being measured when you try read out the qubit. So a set of qubits can be in any one of a large possible states, and each state represent a different number, each with a different probability. You can think of Each state being like a parallel processor, but now instead of processing across different computers you are processing in different states of quantum wave function or in different parallel realities if you are into the Many World interpretation of Quantum mechanics. The problem with this parallel processing is that you get only one answer when you try to read out the qubits. If you tried to use a quantum computer to guess the prime number you 'd read out one of these guesses but it's not more likely to be correct one than if you used a classical computer. But it turns out there is a way to boost the chances of getting the right answer. Instead of trying to hold possible prime factors in qubits, our array of qubits hold these repeating moduli of Shor's Algorithm-one per quantum state in the superposition. But now the entire superposition - all elements of the wave function are related by the period of their repetition. Essentially,  you cause those part of the wave function to destructively interfere leaving the correct period boosted. Once you read out that period you can determine the prime-factors. Sofar, quantum computers are stuck under 100 qubits and non have managed to factora number higher than 21 with Shor's Algorithm. At any rate, quantum technology isn't there yet, when we figure out how to build Quantum computers with thousands of qubits even the very high digit RSA will not be safe.

So, how do we fix the problem?

The answer is to find one-way functions that don't have a known exploitable quality like the periodicity of prime factoring. That's the goal of a currently being run by NIST (National Institute for Standards & Technology). Algorithm applicants have been whittled down from a field of 70 to only 7 finalists and a couple of alternates which were announced in June. In 2022, NIST is expected to narrow it down to one or two quantum resistance algorithms. These will become the new standards for public key encryption and digital signatures- and they will hopefully be able to protect our data from quantum computing attacks. One of the NIST finalists achieves that through the McEliece cryptosystem, which gets its name from cryptographer Robert McEliece, who developed the hard math problem back in the 1970s .The principle behind McEliece is  that it's really difficult to repair errors in large messages. That gives us the potential for one-way function. But decoding errors is much-much harder as the codeword size increases, unless you know something about the codeword ahead of time. In the above mentioned cryptosystem, the key is to modify the messages in a reversible way to create a very large codeword-then add errors to that codeword. Unless you know how the modification was done in the first place, it is essentially impossible to remove the added errors. McEliece does this by coding messages into large matrices. You have a big array of numbers , a Matrix , and you scramble it using key matrices and code your messages into the result. Then you add some errors. If someone understand the keys-the matrices used to do that scramble in the first place, they can pretty easily eliminate the errors and canfind the message easily that makes the sense. But without the keys it is near impossible to decode the errors from this gigantic matrix, and the presence of errors makes it impossible to brite force one-way function in the backward direction. McEliece avoids the periodicity that makes RSA vulnerable to Shor's Algorithm. Computing in parallel universe is just not helpful here. But there is a reason we have not been using McEliece:the public key - this giant matrix is very big. To be secure against quantum attacks for the foreseeable future, McEliece would need an 8Mb public key-8000 times larger. Right now network protocols aren't built for this and it could cause dramatic slowdowns in transactions. This problem is shared by at least one of the three public key encryption finalists-NTRU, CRYSTALS-KYBER and SABER, which are lattice based cryptosystems.

These type of cryptosystems rely on the difficulty of problems like the shortest vector problem. Unfortunately, those large lattices are why the lattice candidates have also large public keys. Perhaps, a bigger issue than the size of the public keys is the question is whether these algorithms are really robust against quantum and classical

attacks. Well, one important factor in this question is the age of the algorithm. The line of thought is basically this: the longer a cryptosystem has beeen around, the longer has someone has had to break it. If they have not, then this is a good sign. People have more confident in a 40-year old McEliece algorithm than recently created lattice based algorithm. So, will post-quantum cryptography save digital civilization? It's hard to say. It's true that these quantum resistance algorithms seems like they will be hard, if not impossible for quantum computers to crack, but that doesn't mean no k

one will come up with a way to do it. Infact, there is no guarantee a classical computer would not come up with a fast algorithm to solve them. Mathematicians and cryptographes have decades of security to point to as proof of their encrypting and decrypting abilities. But at the end of the day, quantum key distribution proponents would rather put their faith in fundamental laws of physics-pretty darn secure if only we had a quantum internet. In the meantime, post-quantum crypto may be our hope as black hat quantum hackers attempt to decrypt your embarassing email across the parallel quantum space time. 

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Will You Be Now Able To Recover Deleted Posts Of Instagram, Know How

Are you also got stunned after listening that now you will be able to recover deleted posts of Instagram?

Mobile apps keep rolling out new features for it users. Now Instagram has brought new features for its users. This feature is really very amazing. Sometimes we accidentally delete a post  or photo. But we are not able to recover it even after wishing it. But now you will be able to restore these posts deleted from your insta account.

This will be possible through new features of Instagram.

Under this feature users can restore their accidentally deleted posts within 30 days.

You can think of it as a computer trash or recycle bin.

Recently Deleted Folder  

Actually Instagram has created a new folder named as recently deleted folder. Even if a user deletes any of of his posts his deleted posts will be remaining in recently Deleted Folder for 30 days. During this time of one month, users can restore their posts or delete it for ever.

Will Get A Chance To Review 

The Post

Regarding the new feature Instagram says that this feature is very useful and beneficial for users. Now users will get a chance to review their deleted posts. After that, if they wish, post can be deleted or restored 

forever. After deletion of photos, videos, reels, IGTV videos will remain in recently Deleted Folder.

Stories Will Remain Only 24 Hours

Talking about Instagram stories, the stories will remain only for 24 hours after the story is deleted.

If a user wants to restore their stories they can recover the story only in time laps of 24 hours.

After 24 hours the story will be deleted for permanently from recently deleted folder.

This will be beneficial to the user if his/her account is hacked.

Instagram says that this feature will prove to be beneficial even if their account is hacked.

If ever a account is hacked and the hacker wants to delete the post, then they will be not able to do so now. Along with this, before deleting the posts of Instagram, it will verify that the access of the account is with the real user. This verification mode will be activated when the user wants to delete a posts permanently from recently deleted folder.

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What is Internet Slangs

Hello Guys, 

What are internet slangs?

Well, today we'll about some internet slangs. Even they are more confusing when we don't know about these trendy acronyms which are in a trend on the  internet, social-media sites such as Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, Hike, Messenger, Twitter etc. We feel embarassing even while  chatting with friends or relatives when the person infront of you is using these internet slangs but we don't know even these words. Some of these slangs are  so new that even these slangs feel like a bouncer over us.

Basically, internet slangs are short-form acronyms which are trendy on internet.

We'll discuss about 60 new trendy slangs which are new on internet.These slangs are given in the form of a picture below:

 

Thank you,

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We'll try to bring some more informative articles to you like this

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Want to know about Marketing, Marketing Strategies, Marketing Management, Marketing Research & a lot More about Marketing

Hello Guys,

Today we'll talk about terms related to marketing such as definition of marketing, marketing management, marketing strategies, marketing research and a lot more about marketing.

Get continued to our article 

Marketing is defined as positioning of offerings  better than the competitor in the market .

However, there is still another definition such as the art of selling some valuable offerings to your customers better than your competitors.

Marketing management is based on five philosophies which are as follows:

1.Production Concept,

2.Product Concept,

3.Selling Concept,

4.Marketing Concept and 

5.Social Marketing Concept.

Whta is Marketing Strategies?

Before starting any work we should've a proper planning about doing that business. These plannings when used properly i.e. at right time and at right place then these are said to be strategies. When these plannings are used in marketing, these are said to be marketing strategies. There are seven marketing strategies, which are as follows:

1.Niche Marketing - Means you should be properly focussing on your business meaning on the demands of customer i.e.specifis customer, specific demand, specific geography.

2.Trade Show Marketing - Means all types of businesses related to a specific item come unde one roof. For eg., Businesses related with readymade clothes, fabric, thread, unstitched clothes, stitching etc.

3.Social-media Marketing- There is a huge population coming on social-media of youth generation.

On this platform reviews of your items from customers act like a advertisement which increases your sales as well as your business.

4.Freebie Marketing- In this marketing strategy you will've to gift a small low-priced value to your customers on selling a high -priced value.

5.Undercover Marketing- In this marketing strategy things act like buzz. In the beginning, values are sold in a hidden manner. In this type of marketing energy, excitement and curiosity is built slowly in the customers.

6.Outbound vs inbound Marketing-In outbound Marketing you share information about valuable offerings to the customers while in inbound marketing customers attract towards your product on their own willingness.

7.Cross Promotion- In this strategy two non-competitive owners or selllers promote the products of each other.

For example, BMW cars and Louis Vuitton handbags can promote each other bcoz the  customer who is having a BMW can purchase Louis Vuitton handbag and vice-versa.

Marketing Research is defined as a systematic process of gathering, recording and analysis of data about problems related to goods & services.

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Some Amazing Tricks Related To iPhone

Some Amazing Tricks Related To iPhone| 

Hello Guys,

Today we'll talk about some tricks related to iPhone.

What are these tricks let's start knowing about these tricks.

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